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There was a set of 26 of these sheets for each of the six possible sequences wheel orders. Each sheet was for the left (slowest-moving) rotor. The 51×51 matrices on the sheets represented the 676 possible starting positions of the middle and right rotors. The sheets contained about 1000 holes in the positions in which a female could occur. [63]
The Codebreakers – The Story of Secret Writing ( ISBN 0-684-83130-9) is a book by David Kahn, published in 1967, comprehensively chronicling the history of cryptography from ancient Egypt to the time of its writing. The United States government attempted to have the book altered before publication, and it succeeded in part.
Wikipedia [c] is a free content online encyclopedia written and maintained by a community of volunteers, known as Wikipedians, through open collaboration and the wiki software MediaWiki. Wikipedia is the largest and most-read reference work in history, [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and is consistently ranked among the ten most visited websites ; as of July 2024 ...
John William Jamieson Herivel (29 August 1918 – 18 January 2011) [ 1] was a British science historian and World War II codebreaker at Bletchley Park. [ 2] As a codebreaker concerned with Cryptanalysis of the Enigma, Herivel is remembered chiefly for the discovery of what was soon dubbed the Herivel tip or Herivelismus.
Mastermind (board game) Mastermind. (board game) Mastermind or Master Mind ( Hebrew: בול פגיעה, romanized : bul pgi'a) is a code -breaking game for two players invented in Israel. [ 1][ 2] It resembles an earlier pencil and paper game called Bulls and Cows that may date back a century.
The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication. It was employed extensively by Nazi Germany during World War II, in all branches of the German military. The Enigma machine was considered so secure that it was used to encipher the most top ...
John Robert Fisher Jeffreys (25 January 1916 – 13 January 1944) [1] was a British mathematician and World War II codebreaker . Jeffreys was educated at Brentwood School, Essex, and Downing College, Cambridge, where he graduated as a Wrangler in Part II of the mathematics tripos in 1936. [2] Appointed a research fellow at Downing, [3] he ...
Herbert Osborn Yardley (April 13, 1889 – August 7, 1958) was an American cryptologist.He founded and led the cryptographic organization the Black Chamber.Under Yardley, the cryptanalysts of The American Black Chamber broke Japanese diplomatic codes and were able to furnish American negotiators with significant information during the Washington Naval Conference of 1921–1922.