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Garbage collection was invented by American computer scientist John McCarthy around 1959 to simplify manual memory management in Lisp. [ 3] Garbage collection relieves the programmer from doing manual memory management, where the programmer specifies what objects to de-allocate and return to the memory system and when to do so. [ 4]
In computer science, a pointer is an object in many programming languages that stores a memory address. This can be that of another value located in computer memory, or in some cases, that of memory-mapped computer hardware. A pointer references a location in memory, and obtaining the value stored at that location is known as dereferencing the ...
A punched card is a flexible write-once medium that encodes data, most commonly 80 characters. Groups or "decks" of cards form programs and collections of data. The term is often used interchangeably with punch card, the difference being that an unused card is a "punch card," but once information had been encoded by punching holes in the card ...
C ( pronounced / ˈsiː / – like the letter c) [ 6 ] is a general-purpose programming language. It was created in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie and remains very widely used and influential. By design, C's features cleanly reflect the capabilities of the targeted CPUs. It has found lasting use in operating systems code (especially in kernels [ 7 ...
Noop, a language built with testability as a major focus. Pizza, a superset of Java with function pointers and algebraic data types. Pnuts. Processing, a visualization and animation language and framework based on Java with a Java-like syntax. Prompto, a language "designed to create business applications in the cloud".
A function pointer, also called a subroutine pointer or procedure pointer, is a pointer referencing executable code, rather than data. Dereferencing the function pointer yields the referenced function, which can be invoked and passed arguments just as in a normal function call. Such an invocation is also known as an "indirect" call, because the ...
In programming languages, a closure, also lexical closure or function closure, is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions. Operationally, a closure is a record storing a function [a] together with an environment. [1] The environment is a mapping associating each free variable of the ...
In computer science, a memory leak is a type of resource leak that occurs when a computer program incorrectly manages memory allocations [ 1] in a way that memory which is no longer needed is not released. A memory leak may also happen when an object is stored in memory but cannot be accessed by the running code (i.e. unreachable memory ). [ 2]