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Public administration is both an academic discipline and a field of practice; the latter is depicted in this picture of U.S. federal public servants at a meeting.. Public administration, or public policy and administration refers to "the management of public programs", [1] or the "translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day", [2] and also to the academic discipline ...
Civil service. The civil service is a collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil service personnel hired rather than elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership. A civil service official, also known as a public servant or public employee, is a person employed in the ...
The United States federal civil service is the civilian workforce (i.e., non-elected and non-military public sector employees) of the United States federal government 's departments and agencies. The federal civil service was established in 1871 ( 5 U.S.C. § 2101 ). [ 1] U.S. state and local government entities often have comparable civil ...
A public service or service of general (economic) interest is any service intended to address specific needs pertaining to the aggregate members of a community, [ 1][ 2] whether provided directly by a public sector agency, via public financing available to private businesses or voluntary organisations, or provided by private businesses subject ...
United States. In American usage, the term generally refers to the executive branch under a specific president (or governor, mayor, or other local executive); or the term of a particular executive; for example: "President Y's administration" or "Secretary of Defense X during President Y's administration." [ 2]
List of initialisms, acronyms ("words made from parts of other words, pronounceable"), and other abbreviations used by the government and the military of the United States. Note that this list is intended to be specific to the United States government and military—other nations will have their own acronyms.
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state . In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a means by which organizational policies are enforced, as well as a mechanism for determining policy.
The term may also refer to managerial and directorial executives in the corporate sector. [citation needed] Role in society. [edit] Bureaucrats play various roles in modern society, by virtue of holding administrative, functional, and managerial positions in government. [2][3][4]They carry out the day-to-day implementation of enacted policies ...