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In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data. It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known as the sample maximum and minimum ). [ 1] It is expressed in the same units as the data. The range provides an indication of statistical ...
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
Mid-range. In statistics, the mid-range or mid-extreme is a measure of central tendency of a sample defined as the arithmetic mean of the maximum and minimum values of the data set: [ 1] The mid-range is closely related to the range, a measure of statistical dispersion defined as the difference between maximum and minimum values.
Median. Finding the median in sets of data with an odd and even number of values. The median of a set of numbers is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. For a data set, it may be thought of as the “middle" value.
Informally, in frequentist statistics, a confidence interval ( CI) is an interval which is expected to typically contain the parameter being estimated. More specifically, given a confidence level (95% and 99% are typical values), a CI is a random interval which contains the parameter being estimated % of the time. [ 1][ 2] The confidence level ...
Interquartile range. Boxplot (with an interquartile range) and a probability density function (pdf) of a Normal N (0,σ2) Population. In descriptive statistics, the interquartile range ( IQR) is a measure of statistical dispersion, which is the spread of the data. [ 1] The IQR may also be called the midspread, middle 50%, fourth spread, or H ...
Normalization (statistics) In statistics and applications of statistics, normalization can have a range of meanings. [ 1] In the simplest cases, normalization of ratings means adjusting values measured on different scales to a notionally common scale, often prior to averaging. In more complicated cases, normalization may refer to more ...
Studentized range. In statistics, the studentized range, denoted q, is the difference between the largest and smallest data in a sample normalized by the sample standard deviation . It is named after William Sealy Gosset (who wrote under the pseudonym " Student "), and was introduced by him in 1927. [1] The concept was later discussed by Newman ...