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Fluoridation became an official policy of the U.S. Public Health Service by 1951, and by 1960 water fluoridation had become widely used in the U.S., reaching about 50 million people. [2] By 2006, 69.2% of the U.S. population on public water systems were receiving fluoridated water, amounting to 61.5% of the total U.S. population. [3]
Fluoridation does not affect the appearance, taste, or smell of drinking water.[1] It is normally accomplished by adding one of three compounds to the water: sodium fluoride, fluorosilicic acid, or sodium fluorosilicate. Sodium fluoride(NaF) was the first compound used and is the reference standard.[35]
In Bogota, the average drinking water fluoride concentration is 0.08 ppm. Medellin is the only city which preserves an annual oral health prevention programme based on education and fluoridated mouth rinses in public schools since 1981, and its drinking water contains an average Fluoride concentration of 0.05 ppm. Cartagena is located in the ...
Experts eventually discovered that the water in Colorado Springs had unusually high levels of fluoride — up to 12 milligrams per liter. Fluoride is a mineral found naturally in rocks, which then ...
The water fluoridation controversy arises from political, ethical, economic, and health considerations regarding the fluoridation of public water supplies . For deprived groups in both maturing and matured countries, international and national agencies and dental associations across the world support the safety and effectiveness of water ...
As for fluoride in water, "there have been literally thousands of studies published in peer-reviewed journals that demonstrate the safety of community water fluoridation," said Dr. Brittany ...
Fluoride pollution from various industrial emissions can also contaminate water supplies. In a few areas of the United States, fluoride concentrations in water are much higher than normal, mostly from natural sources. In 1986, EPA established a maximum allowable concentration for fluoride in drinking water of 4 milligrams per liter (mg/L).
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references. Fluoride ( / ˈflʊəraɪd, ˈflɔːr -/) [ 3] is an inorganic, monatomic anion of fluorine, with the chemical formula F−. (also written [F]−. ), whose salts are typically white or colorless.