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Disease. "The Sick Girl", 1882, National Gallery of Denmark. A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury. [1] [2] Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated with specific signs and symptoms.
Dysentery. Dysentery ( UK: / ˈdɪsəntri /, [7] US: / ˈdɪsənˌtɛri / ), [8] historically known as the bloody flux, [9] is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea. [1] [10] Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. [2] [6] [11] Complications may include dehydration.
Zoonosis. A zoonosis ( / zoʊˈɒnəsɪs, ˌzoʊəˈnoʊsɪs /; [1] plural zoonoses) or zoonotic disease is an infectious disease of humans caused by a pathogen (an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion) that can jump from a non-human (usually a vertebrate) to a human and vice versa. [1] [2] [3]
Chronic condition. A chronic condition (also known as chronic disease or chronic illness) is a health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term chronic is often applied when the course of the disease lasts for more than three months.
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease ( HD ), is a long-term infection by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium lepromatosis. [4] [7] Infection can lead to damage of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. [4] This nerve damage may result in a lack of ability to feel pain, which can lead to the loss of parts of a person's ...
Degenerative disease is the result of a continuous process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time. [1] In neurodegenerative diseases, cells of the central nervous system stop working or die via neurodegeneration. An example of this is Alzheimer's disease. [2]
Lupus. Lupus, technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ), is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body. [1] Symptoms vary among people and may be mild to severe. [1] Common symptoms include painful and swollen joints, fever, chest pain, hair loss, mouth ...
A rare disease is a disease that affects a small percentage of the population. In some parts of the world, the term orphan disease describes a rare disease whose rarity results in little or no funding or research for treatments, without financial incentives from governments or other agencies. Orphan drugs are medications targeting orphan ...