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11th century Moravian nasal helmet, Vienna. One of the few remaining examples of such helmets. The nasal helmet was a type of combat helmet characterised by the possession of a projecting bar covering the nose and thus protecting the centre of the face; it was of Western European origins and was used from the late 9th century to at least c. 1250.
Bascinet without accessories. The bascinet – also bassinet, basinet, or bazineto – was a Medieval European open-faced combat helmet. It evolved from a type of iron or steel skullcap, but had a more pointed apex to the skull, and it extended downwards at the rear and sides to afford protection for the neck. A mail curtain ( aventail or ...
The nasal helmet was characterised by a nose guard, or 'nasal', composed of a single strip of metal that extended down from the skull or browband over the nose to provide partial facial protection. This helmet appeared throughout Western Europe in the late 9th century, and became the predominant form of head protection until the enclosed helmet ...
Great helm. 13th century German great helm with a flat top to the skull. The great helm or heaume, also called pot helm, bucket helm and barrel helm, is a helmet of the High Middle Ages which arose in the late twelfth century in the context of the Crusades and remained in use until the fourteenth century. The barreled style was used by knights ...
Spangen refers to the metal strips that form the framework for the helmet and could be translated as braces, and -helm simply means helmet. The strips connect three to six steel or bronze plates. The frame takes a conical design that curves with the shape of the head and culminates in a point. The front of the helmet may include a nose ...
Armet. The armet is a type of combat helmet which was developed in the 15th century. It was extensively used in Italy, France, England, the Low Countries and Spain. It was distinguished by being the first helmet of its era to completely enclose the head while being compact and light enough to move with the wearer.
Aventail. Camail with triangle ventail (mail flap) on a bascinet (ca. 1360) at the German Historical Museum. An aventail ( / ˈævənteɪl /) [1] or camail ( / kəˈmeɪl, ˈkæmeɪl /) [2] [3] is a flexible curtain of mail attached to the skull of a helmet that extends to cover at least the neck, but often also the throat and shoulders.
The defining characteristic of the barbute is the forward extension of the sides of the helmet towards the mid-line; this gives protection to the sides of the user's face below the eyes. Regardless of the form of the combined vision and breath opening, T-shaped, Y-shaped or arch-shaped, this characteristic is always present.