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The main diagnostic sign is an oral body temperature that averages well below 37.0 °C (98.6 °F). This overlaps with normal body temperature, which is usually within the range of 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F). [5] [6] Wilson says that his diagnosis is confirmed if the patient responds to treatment with slow-release T3 (SR-T3).
The thyroid hormones cross the follicular cell membrane towards the blood vessels by an unknown mechanism. [31] Text books have stated that diffusion is the main means of transport, [ 35 ] but recent studies indicate that monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 8 and 10 play major roles in the efflux of the thyroid hormones from the thyroid cells.
At the cellular level, T 3 is the body's more active and potent thyroid hormone. [2] T 3 helps deliver oxygen and energy to all of the body's cells, its effects on target tissues being roughly four times more potent than those of T 4. [2] Of the thyroid hormone that is produced, just about 20% is T 3, whereas 80% is produced as T 4.
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis ( HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland .
Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism, heart rate and body temperature. Graves’ disease affects 2% to 3% of the global population and usually appears before age 30.
Gout is due to persistently elevated levels of uric acid (urate) in the blood (hyperuricemia). [4] [7] This occurs from a combination of diet, other health problems, and genetic factors. [3] [4] At high levels, uric acid crystallizes and the crystals deposit in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues, resulting in an attack of gout. [3]
Thyroid disease also has a marked effect on BMR, since thyroid hormones regulate the rate of cellular metabolism. [3] Hyperthyroidism—in which there is an increase in the production of thyroid hormones—leads to a high BMR, while hypothyroidism—in which thyroid hormones are depleted—causes a low BMR. [1]
Euthyroid sick syndrome ( ESS) is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control [ 1] wherein the levels of T3 and/or T4 are abnormal, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. This condition may result from allostatic responses of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback control, dyshomeostatic disorders ...