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Modified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage). [ 1]
Extended-release (or slow-release) formulations of morphine are those whose effect last substantially longer than bare morphine, availing for, e.g., one administration per day. Conversion between extended-release and immediate-release (or "regular") morphine is easier than conversion to or from an equianalgesic dose of another opioid with ...
Venlafaxine extended release is chemically the same as normal venlafaxine. The extended release (controlled release) version distributes the release of the drug into the gastrointestinal tract over a longer period than normal venlafaxine. This results in a lower peak plasma concentration.
Guanfacine, sold under the brand name Tenex ( immediate-release) and Intuniv ( extended-release) among others, is an oral alpha-2a agonist medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and high blood pressure. [ 3][ 9] Guanfacine is FDA-approved for monotherapy treatment of ADHD, [ 3] as well as being used for ...
Hydromorphone is a semi-synthetic μ-opioid agonist. As a hydrogenated ketone of morphine, it shares the pharmacologic properties typical of opioid analgesics. Hydromorphone and related opioids produce their major effects on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract.
Gepirone. Gepirone, sold under the brand name Exxua, is a medication used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. [1] It is taken orally. [1] Side effects of gepirone include dizziness, nausea, insomnia, abdominal pain, and dyspepsia (indigestion). [1] Gepirone acts as a partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT 1A receptor.
Levetiracetam. Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. [7] It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein. [7]
Viloxazine acts as a selectivenorepinephrine reuptake inhibitor(NRI). [6][1][5]The immediate-release form has an elimination half-lifeof 2.5 hours[6][2]while the half-life of the extended-release form is 7 hours. [1] Viloxazine was first described by 1972[10]and was marketed as an antidepressant in Europe in 1974.