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A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. [1] Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. [2] [3] Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity.
Viral envelope. A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. [1] It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. A viral envelope protein or E protein is a protein in the envelope, which may be acquired by the capsid from an infected host cell.
Dengue virus. Dengue virus ( DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. It is a mosquito -borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae; genus Flavivirus. [ 1][ 2] Four serotypes of the virus have been found, and a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed, [ 3][ 4][ 5] all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. [ 1]
Virology. Gamma phage, an example of virus particles (visualised by electron microscopy) Virology is the scientific study of biological viruses. It is a subfield of microbiology that focuses on their detection, structure, classification and evolution, their methods of infection and exploitation of host cells for reproduction, their interaction ...
Enterovirus is a genus of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several human and mammalian diseases. Enteroviruses are named by their transmission-route through the intestine ('enteric' meaning intestinal). [1] Serologic studies have distinguished 71 human enterovirus serotypes on the basis of antibody neutralization tests.
Serotyping is the process of determining the serotype of an organism, using prepared antisera that bind to a set of known antigens. Some antisera detect multiple known antigens and are known as polyvalent or broad; others are monovalent. For example, what was once described as HLA-A9 is now subdivided into two more specific serotypes ("split ...
The first oncolytic virus to be approved by a national regulatory agency was genetically unmodified ECHO-7 strain enterovirus RIGVIR, which was approved in Latvia in 2004 for the treatment of skin melanoma; [ 11] the approval was withdrawn in 2019. An oncolytic adenovirus, a genetically modified adenovirus named H101, was approved in China in ...
Orthomyxoviridae (from Greek ὀρθός, orthós 'straight' + μύξα, mýxa ' mucus ') [ 1] is a family of negative-sense RNA viruses. It includes seven genera: Alphainfluenzavirus, Betainfluenzavirus, Gammainfluenzavirus, Deltainfluenzavirus, Isavirus, Thogotovirus, and Quaranjavirus.