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Roman Epicurus bust. Epicureanism is a system of philosophy founded around 307 BCE based upon the teachings of Epicurus, an ancient Greek philosopher. Epicurus was an atomist and materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. His materialism led him to religious skepticism and a general attack on superstition and divine intervention.
Epicurus ( / ˌɛpɪˈkjʊərəs /, EH-pih-KURE-əs; [ 2] Greek: Ἐπίκουρος Epikouros; 341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and sage who founded Epicureanism, a highly influential school of philosophy. He was born on the Greek island of Samos to Athenian parents. Influenced by Democritus, Aristippus, Pyrrho, [ 3] and possibly ...
Eudaimonia. Eudaimonia ( / juːdɪˈmoʊniə /; Ancient Greek: εὐδαιμονία [eu̯dai̯moníaː] ), sometimes anglicized as eudaemonia or eudemonia, is a Greek word literally translating to the state or condition of 'good spirit', and which is commonly translated as ' happiness ' or ' welfare '. In the works of Aristotle, eudaimonia was ...
The philosophy of happiness is the philosophical concern with the existence, nature, and attainment of happiness. Some philosophers believe happiness can be understood as the moral goal of life or as an aspect of chance; indeed, in most European languages the term happiness is synonymous with luck. [ 1] Thus, philosophers usually explicate on ...
Office of War Information war poster (1941–1945). " Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness " is a well-known phrase from the United States Declaration of Independence. [ 1] The phrase gives three examples of the unalienable rights which the Declaration says have been given to all humans by their Creator, and which governments are created ...
Principal Doctrines. The Principal Doctrines ( Kyriai doxai, sometimes Kyriai doxiai) are forty authoritative conclusions set up as official doctrines by the founders of Epicureanism: Epicurus of Samos, Metrodorus of Lampsacus, Hermarchus of Mitilene and Polyaenus of Lampsacus. The first four doctrines make up the Tetrapharmakos (Four Cures ...
Epicurus was not an atheist, although he rejected the idea of a god concerned with human affairs; followers of Epicureanism denied the idea that there was no god. While the conception of a supreme, happy and blessed god was the most popular during his time, Epicurus rejected such a notion, as he considered it too heavy a burden for a god to have to worry about all the problems in the world.
Later, Epicurus defined the highest pleasure as aponia (the absence of pain), [41] and pleasure as "freedom from pain in the body and freedom from turmoil in the soul". [42] According to Cicero (or rather his character Torquatus) Epicurus also believed that pleasure was the chief good and pain the chief evil. [43]
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