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Tonicity. In chemical biology, tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a partially-permeable cell membrane. Tonicity depends on the relative concentration of selective membrane-impermeable solutes across a cell membrane which determine the direction and extent of ...
Ringer's lactate solution ( RL ), also known as sodium lactate solution, Lactated Ringer's, and Hartmann's solution, is a mixture of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride in water. [ 1] It is used for replacing fluids and electrolytes in those who have low blood volume or low blood pressure. [ 2]
Isometric exercise. The 'plank' is a type of isometric hold which can intensively activate the body's core musculature. The 'side plank' is a variation designed to strengthen the oblique muscles. An isometric exercise is an exercise involving the static contraction of a muscle without any visible movement in the angle of the joint.
The term isotonic may refer to: Isotonic (exercise physiology), a type of muscle contraction. Isotonic regression, a type of numerical analysis. Isotonic, one of three types of tonicity that characterize a solution's concentration; see Tonicity#Isotonicity. A sports drink that contains similar concentrations of salt and sugar to the human body.
Osmotic concentration. Osmotic concentration, formerly known as osmolarity, [ 1] is the measure of solute concentration, defined as the number of osmoles (Osm) of solute per litre (L) of solution (osmol/L or Osm/L). The osmolarity of a solution is usually expressed as Osm/L (pronounced "osmolar"), in the same way that the molarity of a solution ...
Isotonic loss of water and sodium from the ECF compartment decreases the size of that compartment in a condition called ECF hypovolemia. By means of the sodium–potassium pump , living human cells pump three sodium ions out of the cell in exchange for two potassium ions pumped in; comparing ion concentrations across the cell membrane, inside ...
Hypoosmolar hyponatremia is a condition where hyponatremia is associated with a low plasma osmolality. [ 1] The term " hypotonic hyponatremia " is also sometimes used. [ 2] When the plasma osmolarity is low, the extracellular fluid volume status may be in one of three states: low volume, normal volume, or high volume.
Osmoconformer. Osmoconformers are marine organisms that maintain an internal environment which is isotonic to their external environment. [ 1] This means that the osmotic pressure of the organism's cells is equal to the osmotic pressure of their surrounding environment. By minimizing the osmotic gradient, this subsequently minimizes the net ...