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Mach number. The Mach number ( M or Ma ), often only Mach, ( / mɑːk /; German: [max]) is a dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound. [ 1][ 2] It is named after the Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach . where: M is the local Mach number, u is the ...
Total air temperature is an essential input to an air data computer in order to enable the computation of static air temperature and hence true airspeed . The relationship between static and total air temperatures is given by: where: static air temperature, SAT ( kelvins or degrees Rankine) total air temperature, TAT (kelvins or degrees Rankine ...
Speed of sound. The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium. More simply, the speed of sound is how fast vibrations travel. At 20 °C (68 °F), the speed of sound in air is about 343 m/s (1,125 ft/s; 1,235 km/h; 767 mph; 667 kn ), or 1 km in 2.91 s or one mile in 4.69 s.
Virtual temperature. In atmospheric thermodynamics, the virtual temperature ( ) of a moist air parcel is the temperature at which a theoretical dry air parcel would have a total pressure and density equal to the moist parcel of air. [ 1] The virtual temperature of unsaturated moist air is always greater than the absolute air temperature ...
Average yearly temperature is 22.4 °C, ranging from an average minimum of 12.2 °C to a maximum of 29.9 °C. The average temperature range is 11.4 °C. [ 6] Variability throughout the year is small (standard deviation of 2.31 °C for the maximum monthly average and 4.11 °C for the minimum). The graph also shows the typical phenomenon of ...
Scale height. The earth atmosphere's scale height is about 8.5 km, as can be confirmed from this diagram of air pressure p by altitude h: At an altitude of 0, 8.5, and 17 km, the pressure is about 1000, 370, and 140 hPa, respectively. In atmospheric, earth, and planetary sciences, a scale height, usually denoted by the capital letter H, is a ...
International Standard Atmosphere. The International Standard Atmosphere ( ISA) is a static atmospheric model of how the pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity of the Earth's atmosphere change over a wide range of altitudes or elevations. It has been established to provide a common reference for temperature and pressure and consists of ...
At IUPAC standard temperature and pressure (0 °C and 100 kPa), dry air has a density of approximately 1.2754 kg/m 3. At 20 °C and 101.325 kPa, dry air has a density of 1.2041 kg/m 3. At 70 °F and 14.696 psi, dry air has a density of 0.074887 lb/ft 3.