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Roughly 85% of the circulating T 3 is later formed in the liver and anterior pituitary by removal of the iodine atom from the carbon atom number five of the outer ring of T 4. In any case, the concentration of T 3 in the human blood plasma is about one-fortieth that of T 4. The half-life of T 3 is about 2.5 days. [3] The half-life of T 4 is ...
The thyroid hormones cross the follicular cell membrane towards the blood vessels by an unknown mechanism. [31] Text books have stated that diffusion is the main means of transport, [ 35 ] but recent studies indicate that monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 8 and 10 play major roles in the efflux of the thyroid hormones from the thyroid cells.
Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. [ 3] Thyrotoxicosis is the condition that occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of any cause and therefore includes hyperthyroidism. [ 3] Some, however, use the terms interchangeably. [ 5]
The fluctuation of blood sugar (red) and the sugar-lowering hormone insulin (blue) in humans during the course of a day with three meals. One of the effects of a sugar-rich vs a starch-rich meal is highlighted. [1] The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, blood glucose level, or glycemia is the measure of glucose concentrated in the blood.
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis ( HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland .
Levothyroxine. Levothyroxine, also known as L-thyroxine, is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T 4 ). [ 5][ 8] It is used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency (hypothyroidism), including a severe form known as myxedema coma. [ 5] It may also be used to treat and prevent certain types of thyroid tumors. [ 5]
Normal human body temperature ( normothermia, euthermia) is the typical temperature range found in humans. The normal human body temperature range is typically stated as 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F). [ 8][ 9] Human body temperature varies. It depends on sex, age, time of day, exertion level, health status (such as illness and menstruation ...
Blood sugar regulation is the process by which the levels of blood sugar, the common name for glucose dissolved in blood plasma, are maintained by the body within a narrow range. The regulation of glucose levels through Homeostasis. This tight regulation is referred to as glucose homeostasis. Insulin, which lowers blood sugar, and glucagon ...